Help is available for the following topics: 1022 4UP ADUMP AJ APLBAS ARP ASSIGN ATTACH BACKUP BRACK CALCOM CALEND CANCEL CDCEOF CHANGE COBOL COMMAN COMPIL CONTRO COSTS COUNT CPUNCH CREATE DATESW DDT DEBUG DECLAR DELETE DEMOS DETACH DIRECT DISK EBCDIC ECHO EMPIRE FAILSA FAL FILES FORDDT FORFLO FORTH FORTRA FROM10 GCS GENCOM GLIM GRIPE GT40 HELP HLPALL HLPSQZ HOLIDA HPPLOT IMSL INDEX JOB KDPLDR KERMIT KILL KJOB LABDMC LASER LIBRAR LINED LINK LOGIN LSTMAI MAKVIR MASTER MCROSS MONITO MOUNT MS MTA MTTOPT MUPPET NAME NCP NETWOR NFT NOTICE NYPLAN OLDNOT OMNIGR OPR PACMAN PAL10 PASSWO PASWRD PHONES PLOT POUT PUB QUEUE REATTA REDUCE RENAME RENBR RERUN RSXFMT RSXRED SAAM SAVE SDPL SED SEDONL SEDOTH SEE SEND SEWER SIXPRT SMALL SORT SPACIN SPIKE STAFF STATIS STREK SUPCAL SUPSUB SYSDPY SYSTEM TAPCOP TECMAC TEK TEKVEW TERMIN TIME TIP TO10 TOPS TREK TREND TYPFIL USERS USNMRG VAXTAP VERIFY WHO XVFU .KJOB [ADUMP.HLP 1 page] ASCII-DUMP ADUMP gives an OCTAL and corresponding ASCII (letters) listing of any file. To run ADUMP, type R ADUMP It will ask what file you wish to examine (dump) . It will then ask where (what file or device) to send the listing; if you simply type , the listing will be displayed on your terminal. Why ADUMP a file? A file of text (note the word 'TEXT') is basically made up of codes from 000 thru 177 which stand for the letters on the keyboard. Eg: 040 means 'space', 101 means capital 'A'. For a full table of these codes, type HELP ASCII. ADUMP will list the 'TEXT', with the 'codes' below it. That way you can see how the 'TEXT' in the file is made, and especially how it is stored, 5 letters per 'word'. In the computer, a 'word' can hold 5 letters, like 'COMPU'. The next word might hold 'TER I'. Together, it reads COMPUTER I. Programs sometimes count characters, and characters that do not print (like the code 000) are sometimes hidden in text files. Your program may have to count those as characters, if it is reading by counting 'words'. Random access programs do that. 1022 'create' commands do that. Does ADUMP give the 'word' count? The word count is at the left of each line on the listing, and counts by 3 (3 words per line ). Are there other codes besides 000 that dont print? On the HELP ASCII chart, the first column has many non-printing characters. These are all the characters. Pay special attention to any 000-codes after a CR (return) and LF (linefeed). These indicate that 000-spacers (nulls) have been added in order to begin the next 'record' or 'line' on the beginning of a new 'word'. This is the main usefulness of ADUMP ! To see whether those NULLS are there, or not. Try it out on your file. You dont have to let it finish. Type ^C^C anytime. [End of ADUMP.HLP] .KJOB .